What is inclusive education?

Inclusive education means different and diverse students learning side by side in the same classroom. They enjoy field trips and after-school activities together. They participate in student government together. And they attend the same sports meets and plays.

Inclusive education values diversity and the unique contributions each student brings to the classroom. In a truly inclusive setting, every child feels safe and has a sense of belonging. Students and their parents participate in setting learning goals and take part in decisions that affect them. And school staff have the training, support, flexibility, and resources to nurture, encourage, and respond to the needs of all students.

Why is inclusive education important?

Inclusive systems provide a better quality education for all children and are instrumental in changing discriminatory attitudes. Schools provide the context for a child’s first relationship with the world outside their families, enabling the development of social relationships and interactions. Respect and understanding grow when students of diverse abilities and backgrounds play, socialize, and learn together.

Education that excludes and segregates perpetuates discrimination against traditionally marginalized groups. When education is more inclusive, so are concepts of civic participation, employment, and community life.

Isn’t it better to separate children who need specialized attention?

Separate, special education provides no guarantee of success for children who need special attention; inclusive schools that provide supportive, context-appropriate conditions for learning demonstrate far better outcomes [PDF]. Extracurricular activities, peer support, or more specialized interventions involve the entire school community working as a team.

What are the basic elements of inclusive education?

• Use of teaching assistants or specialists: These staff have the potential to be inclusive or divisive. For instance, a specialist who helps teachers address the needs of all students is working inclusively. A specialist who pulls students out of class to work with them individually on a regular basis is not.
• Inclusive curriculum: An inclusive curriculum includes locally relevant themes and contributions by marginalized and minority groups. It avoids binary narratives of good and bad, and allows adapting the curriculum to the learning styles of children with special education needs.
• Parental involvement: Most schools strive for some level of parental involvement, but it is often limited to emails home and occasional parent–teacher conferences. In a diverse school system, inclusion means thinking about multiple ways to reach out to parents on their own terms.

How can we advance inclusive education?

To make inclusive education a reality we need to do the following:

• ensure that educators have the training, flexibility, and resources to teach students with diverse needs and learning styles
• ensure that kindergartens and schools receive adequate and sustainable financial support so that all activities and services are fully inclusive
• empower parents to assert their children’s right to education in inclusive settings
• enable the entire community—including mainstream and special educators, social workers, parents, and students—to work together and participate in the design, delivery, and monitoring of education, thereby reframing inclusive education as a shared responsibility
• hold governments accountable for implementing antidiscrimination legislation, legal mandates for inclusion, and policies to remove barriers

Is inclusive education expensive?

Making education inclusive is not a cost-cutting measure. Governments must be prepared to invest substantial resources at the outset on system reforms such as teacher and staff training; improving infrastructure, learning materials, and equipment; and revising curricula to implement inclusive education successfully. However, by eliminating redundancy and the high costs of running parallel systems, such investments are an efficient and effective use of funds, and hold the potential to improve education for all students.

Funding mechanisms must be reformed so that schools that enroll students with special needs receive the necessary additional financial resources. When students move from special schools to mainstream schools, the funding should also follow.

How do Open Society Foundations support inclusive education?

We promote changes to policy and practice in a variety of ways, including the following:

• advocate for the recognition of children’s legal rights, such as supporting organizations of parents with children with special educational needs and disabilities in Armenia
• fund empirical research, including support for an organization of young people with disabilities in Uganda that is documenting barriers to education
• support sustainable services like networking and learning opportunities for schools and NGOs, such as teacher associations and parent groups
• strengthen civil society groups that give young people, parents, and educators a voice, including parent-led organizations advocating for the rights and inclusion of children with disabilities in Tajikistan
• engage with civil society and other actors in policy development by, for instance, providing technical support to the development of key inclusive education–related laws, policies, and strategies at the national level
• support governments and system services to pilot models of successful inclusive education provision that could be scaled up and replicated

Teachers personality

And

Maladjustment problem

Teachers are in the most strategic position to facilitate a balanced personality development and a more adequate adjustment of the learner. The effectiveness  of  teachers in the personality development and adjustment of students essentially dependence upon the teachers on personality.   

Causes of Teachers maladjustment

The teachers own adjustment not only contributes to better adjustment of pupils but is essential for his own efficiency and happiness. A maladjustment teacher not only destroy his own professional life but also rains his or her students life .There are many factors which contributes for the maladjustment of teachers. Some of the important causes of maladjustment are discussed below.

 Lack of professional attitude and spirit

Most of the teachers in our schools accepted teaching as a professions not because of their interest in teaching but because they failed to secure other jobs such teachers naturally lack professional attitude and spirit.  

Work load

The duties and responsibilities of teacher are always very high and an average teacher is always under stress .The constant stress creates emotional tension and anxiety that impair the mental health of the teacher.

Insecurity services

Services in privately managed schools   generally  insecure . The teacher in such schools live up on the mercy of the management of that school. There is a constant fear of going out of that service .this creates anxiety and fear in the minds of the teacher  .

Poor salary and  low status

In the present social set up of Indian teachers are poorly paid when compared to the is less qualified compartments in other professions . Added to this in our sociality teachers are getting enough respect and recogonition  . This many leads to the decoration of self concept of the teacher . Which intimately results in maladjustment .

Lack of recreational facilities

Teachers seldom gets the time for recreation or rest . Lack of recreational activities in schools and teachers inaptitude in participate in them make their professional life dull and understanding .

Low of  physical health

Teachers bodily health is statisfactory low income and lack of recreational facilities are the reason for this low physical health is and important factor for low  mental health .

Maltreatment of management

Most private schools in our country are managed by the persons of particular cast , religion or creed . consequently it becomes difficult for a teacher from a different cast to adjust most of them he or she may get step motherly treatment  from the managements . this causes worry and mental stress in the mind of teacher .

High moral expectations

Teachers are often expected to behave like an ideal exemplary by the sociality . But this is not possible because of the high complexities of fast –moving sociality and it is natural that evils of society  may affect his personality naturally in course of time . the failure  to rise up  to the expectation of the society creates frustrations and conflicts in the mind of the teachers which results in maladjustment

Unhealthy inter personal relationship among teachers                                        

Interpersonal  Conflict  and tensions  among teachers in at peak due to the increasing number of professional organization and teachers politics . harmony co operations , love , unity , spirit , goodwill , of the institutions etc.... has vanished from the teachers room .

Lack of facilities

Poor school plant ill equipped classrooms facility  time schedule , lack of library and laboratory ,shortage , of  teaching aids etc.... creates un necessary stress and strain in teachers . s

Suggestion for better adjustment teachers

·        The following programmes will keep to improve the mental health of teachers

Equitable work load

The present work  load should be reduced by appointing more teachers are by pooling divisions . were ever possible besides other duties should be divides eqully among all the members of the staff

Security service

Rules and regulations should be modified to ensure the job security of the teachers . necessary step should be adopted the make sure those teachers getting descent payments from their institutions . this will enhance confidence level  of the teacher .

Ensure democratic school  environment

Democratic operation of the school open channel of communication between teachers and administration discussions rather than dictation of policies ,absences of casticism ,favouritism and groupism team spirit and goodwill among teacher s and by assigning equal responsibilities to all .

Improving teachers

 Teacher-relation inter personal relation among teachers should be improved by providing better environment for developing team –spirit and good will among teachers

Oppertunities for professional growth

Teachers should be frequently equipped with in service programmes to refresh their knowledge and modify their skill .it enables them to understand the new teaching method and strategies available

Arranging ,seminars ,workshops and conferences

By arranging ,seminars , workshops , and conferences teachers from different schools get mingled each one will 

get new experiences that is shared by other one and it will help them in their profession.

Impact of teachers personality and  adjustment on children

A teachers personality has a great hearing on the personality development of the children .it is stated that books can teach ,only personality development and adjustment of the pupils is discussed below

Impacts of teachers character and      personality

Character and personality of the student cannot be developed if the teacher who is the model to be followed lacks character and personality . Aim of education to mould the behaviour of the leaner to a pre planned well accepted manner . such modification of behaviour can be found in ones healty attitudes ,good , habits,standard values etc..... the development of ones healthy attitudes . depends up on the nature of experience one exposed to .In school teachers personality remain vital experiences for thestudents to examine and imitate .The effectiveness of teachers inb the personality development and character formation depends up on the teachers own personality   . and character .through continues identification and introspections child consciously acquires and learners the habits attitudes ,personality and character from of the teachers .

Impact of teachers mental health

A mentally health and well adjusted teachers plays a vital rule in promoting mental health of students . only if the teachers is free from warries ,anxieties and tensions then only he can import the function of promoting mental health and mental hygiene. 

Impact of teacher’s temperament

The general stability of the teacher is of utmost importance in balance and controlled emotional development of the students .Any slight mental imbalance or temperamental instability of the teacher will reflected in the students behaviour